In the township and range system each township and range square is ________ miles on a side.12/6/2023 ![]() ![]() Numbered townships were laid out in tiers north and south of the baseline numbered ranges were laid out east and west of the meridians. Each color-block in the following map shows the states, or part of a state, surveyed using that area's principal meridian and base line.įor a larger version of this map, click here, and then click again to further enlarge it. As each territory or state opened new public lands, the government identified a meridian (running north and south) and a base line (running east and west) to guide all future land surveys in that area. The rectangular survey system is based on principal meridians and base lines determined by precise scientific measurements. These sections could then be further subdivided for re-sale by settlers and land speculators. Each of these townships were sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile (2.59 km²) or 640 acres. Land was systematically surveyed into square "Congressional" townships, six miles (9.656 km) on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 established the Public Land Survey System.
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